Effects of washing pre-treatment on mercury concentration in fish tissue

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of washing pre-treatment on mercury concentration in fish fillet. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the influence of three variables, pH (1–6.5), NaCl (0–1% w/v) and exposure time (5–30 min) by using a three-factor central composite design. The aim was to obtain the best possible combination of these variables in order to reduce mercury in fish fillet. The experimental data were adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model with multiple regression coefficients (R ²) of 0.961. The results indicated that the reduction of mercury in fish flesh significantly depends on the pH of the solution used. The overall optimal condition resulting in the maximum mercury reduction in fish fillet was obtained at a combined level pH of 2.79, NaCl of 0.5% and exposure time of 13.5 min. The optimized protocol produced a solution that can reduce mercury from raw fish fillet up to 81%.     

Synthesis and application of a new functionalized resin for use in an on-line,solid phase extraction system for the determination of trace elements in waters and reference cereal materials by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

The synthesis and characterization of the resin Amberlite XAD-4 functionalized with 2,6-pyridinedicarboxaldehyde and its application in an on-line system for the preconcentration of cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead and manganese prior to determination using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) is proposed. Metal ions retained on the modified resin were eluted using 1.0 mol L⁻¹ HNO₃ solution and aspirated directly to the nebulizer–burner system of a FAAS instrument using a flow injection system. Detection limits (3σ) were determined to be 0.13 μg L⁻¹ for Cd, 0.29 μg L⁻¹ for Cu, 0.23 μg L⁻¹ for Mn, 0.58 μg L⁻¹ for Co and 2.19 μg L⁻¹ for Pb using a 10 mL of water sample loading volume. The limits of detection would be 100 times higher with units of μg kg⁻¹ for the solid samples in which their dilution ratios as (volume/weight) were 100. Enrichment factors ranged from 23.6 to 28.9 (for Co and Mn, respectively). The proposed method was successfully applied to determination of the analytes in natural water samples and certified reference materials.     

南京地区干制品铅和镉的测定与分析

采用微波消解技术和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定市售散装和包装干制品中铅、镉的含量,并根据国标进行分析。检测结果表明,样品中重金属超标现象严重,同时散装干制品不合格率高于包装干制品,因此包装干制品较散装干制品相对安全一些。     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收法(CPE-FAAS)测定蜂蜜中痕量锰

研究了以8-羟基喹啉为络合剂,非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100为萃取剂的浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法(CPE-FAAS)测定蜂蜜中痕量Mn(Ⅱ)的方法。研究了pH值,平衡时间,离子强度,萃取剂用量,以及络合剂用量和共存离子干扰等对萃取效果的影响。方法线性范围为100～700 ng/mL,检出限为5.74 ng/mL,相对标准偏差为1.68%(n=11),回收率为97.3%～98.6%。     

纸尿裤3D打印复合芯体结构与性能的研究

根据3D打印技术在纸尿裤的应用情况,介绍了传统纸尿裤芯体、复合芯体以及3D复合芯体的结构,并测试和分析了3种纸尿裤芯体的吸水倍率、回渗量性能,通过比较阐述了3D复合芯体的成本和品质优势。     

Determination of toxic and essential elements in sunflower honey from Thrace Region,Turkey

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and selenium (Se) in sunflower honeys obtained from Thrace Region of Turkey. Trace and toxic element determination was performed by atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave digestion. The accuracy of the method was checked by the standard reference material, NIST‐SRM 1515 Apple leaves. The maximum contents of trace and toxic elements in honey samples from Kesan (polluted area) were found as 0.46, 0.82, 1.98, 14.0, 9.86 μg kg^?1, 0.48 mg kg^?1, 137, 115 and 290 μg kg^?1 for Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni and Se, respectively.     

薛荔籽果胶对去势雌性大鼠矿物质吸收的影响

目的:探讨薛荔籽果胶对去势雌性大鼠矿物质吸收的影响。方法:将30只SD成年雌鼠随机分为5组。4组大鼠做双侧卵巢切除手术,一周后分为空白组和薛荔籽果胶高、中、低剂量组;用伪切除同龄大鼠作对照(Sham组)。喂养4周后解剖,测定盲肠内容物pH值、短链脂肪酸、骨钙、骨磷含量及矿物质元素的表观吸收等指标。结果:去势雌性大鼠对钙、镁、磷、锌和铁元素的表观吸收率及骨钙和骨磷含量显著低于正常大鼠(P<0.05)。薛荔籽果胶能显著增加去势雌性大鼠短链脂肪酸含量和盲肠面积(P<0.05),降低盲肠pH值,并且在一定程度上抑制钙、镁、磷、锌和铁元素的表观吸收率。结论:薛荔籽果胶能降低去势雌性大鼠矿物质的表观吸收率。     

大红袍花椒中微量元素的分析测定

采用4∶1的硝酸和高氯酸的混酸体系作为消化液进行样品消解,火焰原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)测定了陕西韩城大红袍花椒中四种微量元素的含量。结果表明,大红袍花椒中Fe,Mn含量丰富,Zn,Cu含量较少。     

Sweet taste receptor expression in ruminant intestine and its activation by artificial sweeteners to regulate glucose absorption

Absorption of glucose from the lumen of the intestine into enterocytes is accomplished by sodium-glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1). In the majority of mammalian species, expression (this includes activity) of SGLT1 is upregulated in response to increased dietary monosaccharides. This regulatory pathway is initiated by sensing of luminal sugar by the gut-expressed sweet taste receptor. The objectives of our studies were to determine (1) if the ruminant intestine expresses the sweet taste receptor, which consists of two subunits [taste 1 receptor 2 (T1R2) and 3 (T1R3)], and other key signaling molecules required for SGLT1 upregulation in nonruminant intestines, and (2) whether T1R2-T1R3 sensing of artificial sweeteners induces release of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) and enhances SGLT1 expression. We found that the small intestine of sheep and cattle express T1R2, T1R3, G-protein gustducin, and GLP-2 in enteroendocrine L-cells. Maintaining 110-d-old ruminating calves for 60 d on a diet containing a starter concentrate and the artificial sweetener Sucram (consisting of saccharin and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone; Pancosma SA, Geneva, Switzerland) enhances (1) Na⁺-dependent d-glucose uptake by over 3-fold, (2) villus height and crypt depth by 1.4- and 1.2-fold, and (3) maltase- and alkaline phosphatase-specific activity by 1.5-fold compared to calves maintained on the same diet without Sucram. No statistically significant differences were observed for rates of intestinal glucose uptake, villus height, crypt depth, or enzyme activities between 50-d-old milk-fed calves and calves maintained on the same diet containing Sucram. When adult cows were kept on a diet containing 80:20 ryegrass hay-to-concentrate supplemented with Sucram, more than a 7-fold increase in SGLT1 protein abundance was noted. Collectively, the data indicate that inclusion of this artificial sweetener enhances SGLT1 expression and mucosal growth in ruminant animals. Exposure of ruminant sheep intestinal segments to saccharin or neohesperidin dihydrochalcone evokes secretion of GLP-2, the gut hormone known to enhance intestinal glucose absorption and mucosal growth. Artificial sweeteners, such as Sucram, at small concentrations are potent activators of T1R2-T1R3 (600-fold > glucose). This, combined with oral bioavailability of T1R2-T1R3 and the understanding that artificial sweetener-induced receptor activation evokes GLP-2 release (thus leading to increased SGLT1 expression and mucosal growth), make this receptor a suitable target for dietary manipulation.     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定散装白酒中铅的方法研究

铅是一种毒性很强的金属,榆林市场散装白酒众多,建立快速、准确的白酒中铅的测定方法,特别重要。文章研究了微波消解—石墨炉原子吸收法测定铅含量,优化了仪器测定条件、基体改进剂、微波消解参数。铅的浓度在0.0~20.0μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为r=0.9991,标准偏差s=0.0003,最低检出限c=0.11μg/L,定量限为0.37μg/L,加标回收率为95.3%~104.1%。通过对市场上20种散装白酒铅含量检测,建立了良好的方法,为监管部门提供了有力的技术保障。